Grading, Drainage, and Sump Pumps: Keeping Water Away from a Home
By David Parks · eXp Realty · The Apollo Group · 2 min read
The Short Answer
Good drainage means the ground slopes away from the house and downspouts discharge well beyond the foundation. Poor grading is a leading cause of basement leaks and foundation movement.
Illustration by David Parks
What grading means
Grading is the shape of the soil around a home. A common guideline is a slope of about six inches over the first ten feet, falling away from the foundation.
Drainage components
Key point
What it means
Gutters and downspouts
Collect roof water and send it away.
French drains
Buried perforated pipes that move groundwater.
Window wells
Need proper drainage and covers to prevent water entry.
Sump pumps
Pump collected water out of a pit, often with a battery backup.
Quick Poll
Have you ever dealt with a drainage or sump pump problem?
You are not alone. Get the findings in writing from a licensed professional, keep photos and receipts, and if you are buying, use the report as a negotiation point before your inspection deadline. Talk with David if you want a second opinion on what matters.
Good news, but this is exactly the kind of issue that can stay hidden until someone looks. Add it to your inspection checklist or ask your inspector about it before you buy or sell.
That is very common. The simplest way to know is to have it checked. Ask David which inspections are worth adding for the home you are considering. Talk with David.
What inspectors look for
Soil sloping toward the house, settled backfill, downspouts that end next to the foundation, planters against walls, cracked flatwork that tilts toward the home, and sump pumps that do not run or discharge into a safe spot.
Easy fixes
Extending downspouts, adding soil to restore slope, and keeping gutters clean can solve many problems at low cost. If you see recurring moisture, consult a drainage or foundation specialist before buying.
Key Takeaways
What grading means: Grading is the shape of the soil around a home.
What inspectors look for: Soil sloping toward the house, settled backfill, downspouts that end next to the foundation, planters against walls, cracked flatwork that tilts toward the home, and sump pumps that do not run or discharge into a safe spot.
Easy fixes: Extending downspouts, adding soil to restore slope, and keeping gutters clean can solve many problems at low cost.
This article is general information, not legal, tax, financial or inspection advice. Every home and situation is different, so confirm details with a licensed inspector, lender, attorney or tax professional.
David is a Greater Denver real estate advisor with eXp Realty and The Apollo Group (Colorado broker license FA100103211). He has closed more than $55 million in volume, earned eXp Icon status in 2025, and holds a 5.0 rating on Zillow from 27 verified reviews.